The international community is bracing itself for the fallout from this autumn’s presidential and parliamentary elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Citizens in both political entities of the state – the Muslim-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska – head to the polls on October 3 in elections which many believe will strengthen the resolve of the country’s one-and-a-half million Serbs to break away and declare their full independence from Sarajevo. Milorad Dodik, the Bosnian Serb leader, has made it clear that he believes that Bosnia’s Serbian entity will one day become an independent state.
One such place in the Republika Srpska which reflects the determination of the Bosnian Serbs to go it alone is Trebinje, a town in the southernmost tip of the country. Here, as in the rest of the Republika Srpska, there are no Bosnian state flags or emblems; only Serb flags and Serb symbols.
On top of the Crkvina hill which overlooks Trebinje and is home to the Mother of God church, one Bosnian Serb told Tribune that his area is already virtually detached from the rest of Bosnia. He said: “The Republika Srpska runs its own affairs. We have our own direct foreign investment and we run our own economy. Our border with Serbia exists only on paper and our border crossing points are manned by Serbs.”
He added: “We want nothing to do with people who tried to subdue us during the war in Bosnia. Our only option is independence.”
The political reality here on the ground is that there is little that Bosnia’s current High Representative, Valentin Inzko, or Baroness Catherine Ashton of the European Union can do to prevent the Republika Srpska from declaring independence if that is the way people vote in seven weeks’ time.

